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在PHP中,出現同名函式或是同名類是不被允許的。為防止程式設計人員在專案中定義的類名或函式名出現重複衝突,在PHP5.3中引入了名稱空間這一概念。
1.名稱空間,即將程式碼劃分成不同空間,不同空間的類名相互獨立,互不衝突。一個php檔案中可以存在多個名稱空間,第一個名稱空間前不能有任何程式碼。內容空間宣告後的程式碼便屬於這個名稱空間,例如:
- <?php
- echo 111; //由於namespace前有程式碼而報錯
- namespace Teacher;
- class Person{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'Please study!';
- }
- }
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2.呼叫不同空間內類或方法需寫明名稱空間。例如:
- <?php
- namespace Teacher;
- class Person{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'Please study!<br/>';
- }
- }
- function Person(){
- return 'You must stay here!';
- };
- namespace Student;
- class Person{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'I want to play!<br/>';
- }
- }
- new Person(); //本空間(Student空間)
- new \Teacher\Person(); //Teacher空間
- new \Student\Person(); //Student空間
- echo \Teacher\Person(); //Teacher空間下Person函式
- //輸出:
- I want to play!
- Please study!
- I want to play!
- You must stay here!
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3.在名稱空間內引入其他檔案不會屬於本名稱空間,而屬於公共空間或是檔案中本身定義的名稱空間。例:
首先定義一個1.php和2.php檔案:
- <?php //1.php
- class Person{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'I am one!<br/>';
- }
- }
複製代碼- <?php
- namespace Newer;
- require_once './1.php';
- new Person(); //報錯,找不到Person;
- new \Person(); //輸出 I am tow!;
複製代碼- <?php //2.php
- namespace Two
- class Person{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'I am tow!<br/>';
- }
- }
複製代碼- <?php
- namespace New;
- require_once './2.php';
- new Person(); //報錯,(當前空間)找不到Person;
- new \Person(); //報錯,(公共空間)找不到Person;
- new \Two\Person(); //輸出 I am tow!;
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4.下面我們來看use的使用方法:(use以後引用可簡寫)
- namespace School\Parents;
- class Man{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'Listen to teachers!<br/>';
- }
- }
- namespace School\Teacher;
- class Person{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'Please study!<br/>';
- }
- }
- namespace School\Student;
- class Person{
- function __construct(){
- echo 'I want to play!<br/>';
- }
- }
- new Person(); //輸出I want to play!
- new \School\Teacher\Person(); //輸出Please study!
- new Teacher\Person(); //報錯
- ----------
- use School\Teacher;
- new Teacher\Person(); //輸出Please study!
- ----------
- use School\Teacher as Tc;
- new Tc\Person(); //輸出Please study!
- ----------
- use \School\Teacher\Person;
- new Person(); //報錯
- ----------
- use \School\Parent\Man;
- new Man(); //報錯
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